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<title>Bruce Springsteen</title>

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Bruce Springsteen

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Springsteen" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="Springsteen_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Springsteen (disambiguation)">Springsteen (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bruce Springsteen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Springsteen in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1949-09-23) September 23, 1949 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Long_Branch%2C_New_Jersey" title="Long Branch, New Jersey">Long Branch, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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<ul><li>Singer</li>

<li>songwriter</li>

<li>musician</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style></li></ul>

<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="Julianne_Phillips" title="Julianne Phillips">Julianne Phillips</a> </div>

<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="Patti_Scialfa" title="Patti Scialfa">Patti Scialfa</a> </div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="Jessica_Springsteen" title="Jessica Springsteen">Jessica</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Pamela_Springsteen" title="Pamela Springsteen">Pamela Springsteen</a> (sister)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Bruce_Springsteen" title="List of awards and nominations received by Bruce Springsteen">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist">

<li><a href="Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">heartland rock</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li>Vocals</li>

<li>guitar</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Bruce_Springsteen_discography" title="Bruce Springsteen discography">Discography</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_songs_recorded_by_Bruce_Springsteen" title="List of songs recorded by Bruce Springsteen">songs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1964–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="The_Castiles" title="The Castiles">The Castiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Steel_Mill" title="Steel Mill">Steel Mill</a></li></ul>

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</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brucespringsteen.net">brucespringsteen.net</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr></tbody></table>

Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American <a href="Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Nicknamed "<a href="Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music#S" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">the Boss</a>", Springsteen has released 21 studio albums spanning six decades; most of his albums feature the <a href="E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a>, his backing band since 1972. Springsteen is a pioneer of <a href="Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">heartland rock</a>, combining commercially successful rock with poetic, socially conscious lyrics that reflect <a href="Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class American life</a>. He is known for his energetic concerts, some of which last more than four hours.

Springsteen released his first two albums, <a href="Greetings_from_Asbury_Park%2C_N.J." title="Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.">Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.</a> and <a href="The_Wild%2C_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a>, in 1973. Although both were well received by critics, neither earned him a large audience. He changed his style and achieved worldwide popularity with <a href="Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run">Born to Run</a> (1975). Springsteen followed with <a href="Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a> (1978) and <a href="The_River_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="The River (Bruce Springsteen album)">The River</a> (1980), Springsteen's first album to top the <a href="Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> chart. After the solo acoustic album <a href="Nebraska_(album)" title="Nebraska (album)">Nebraska</a> (1982), he recorded <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A." title="Born in the U.S.A.">Born in the U.S.A.</a> (1984) with the E Street Band, which became his most commercially successful album and the <a href="List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">23rd-best selling album ever</a> as of 2024. All seven singles from Born in the U.S.A. reached the Top 10 of the <a href="Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a>, including the <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A._(song)" title="Born in the U.S.A. (song)">title track</a>. Springsteen mostly hired session musicians for the recording of his next three albums, <a href="Tunnel_of_Love_(album)" title="Tunnel of Love (album)">Tunnel of Love</a> (1987), <a href="Human_Touch" title="Human Touch">Human Touch</a> (1992), and <a href="Lucky_Town" title="Lucky Town">Lucky Town</a> (1992). He reassembled the E Street Band for <a href="Greatest_Hits_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Bruce Springsteen album)">Greatest Hits</a> (1995), and recorded the acoustic album <a href="The_Ghost_of_Tom_Joad" title="The Ghost of Tom Joad">The Ghost of Tom Joad</a> (1995) and the EP <a href="Blood_Brothers_(EP)" title="Blood Brothers (EP)">Blood Brothers</a> (1996) solo.

Springsteen then released <a href="The_Rising_(album)" title="The Rising (album)">The Rising</a> (2002), which was dedicated to the victims of the <a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. He released two more folk albums, <a href="Devils_%26_Dust" title="Devils & Dust">Devils & Dust</a> (2005) and <a href="We_Shall_Overcome%3A_The_Seeger_Sessions" title="We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions">We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions</a> (2006), his first cover album. Springsteen followed with two more albums with the E Street Band, <a href="Magic_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Magic (Bruce Springsteen album)">Magic</a> (2007) and <a href="Working_on_a_Dream" title="Working on a Dream">Working on a Dream</a> (2009). His next albums, <a href="Wrecking_Ball_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Wrecking Ball (Bruce Springsteen album)">Wrecking Ball</a> (2012) and <a href="High_Hopes_(album)" title="High Hopes (album)">High Hopes</a> (2014), topped album charts worldwide. In 2017, 2018 and 2021, Springsteen performed the critically acclaimed show <a href="Springsteen_on_Broadway" title="Springsteen on Broadway">Springsteen on Broadway</a>, in which he performed songs and told stories from <a href="Born_to_Run_(autobiography)" title="Born to Run (autobiography)">his 2016 autobiography</a>; an <a href="Springsteen_on_Broadway_(album)" title="Springsteen on Broadway (album)">album version</a> from the <a href="Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> performances was released in 2018. He released the solo album <a href="Western_Stars" title="Western Stars">Western Stars</a> in 2019, <a href="Letter_to_You" title="Letter to You">Letter to You</a> with the E Street Band in 2020, and a solo covers album entitled <a href="Only_the_Strong_Survive_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Only the Strong Survive (Bruce Springsteen album)">Only the Strong Survive</a> in 2022. Letter to You reached No. 2 in the US, making Springsteen the first artist to release a top-five album in six consecutive decades.

A prominent musician from the <a href="Album_era" title="Album era">album era</a>, Springsteen has sold more 140 million records worldwide, making him one of the <a href="Best-selling_music_artists_of_all_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Best-selling music artists of all time">best-selling music artists of all time</a>. <a href="List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Bruce_Springsteen" title="List of awards and nominations received by Bruce Springsteen">His accolades</a> include 20 <a href="Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>, two <a href="Golden_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globes</a>, an <a href="Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>, and a <a href="Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a>. He was inducted into the <a href="Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> and the <a href="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in 1999, received the <a href="Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> in 2009, was named <a href="MusiCares" title="MusiCares">MusiCares</a> person of the year in 2013, and was awarded the <a href="Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 2016 and the <a href="National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> in 2023. In 2010, <a href="Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> ranked Springsteen 23rd on its list of the "<a href="Rolling_Stone's_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a>", describing him as "the embodiment of rock and roll". In 2025, Springsteen became one of only of five artists to gross over $2.3 billion in touring thanks to his <a href="Springsteen_and_E_Street_Band_2023_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Springsteen and E Street Band 2023 Tour">2023-2025 Tour</a> with the E Street Band.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div>

Springsteen was born at <a href="Monmouth_Medical_Center" title="Monmouth Medical Center">Monmouth Medical Center</a> in <a href="Long_Branch%2C_New_Jersey" title="Long Branch, New Jersey">Long Branch, New Jersey</a>, on September 23, 1949,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> to Douglas Frederick "Dutch" Springsteen (1924–1998) and his wife, Adele Ann (née Zerilli; 1925–2024).<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Springsteen's father<a href="#cite_note-Douglas-obit-Asbury-Park-Press-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> worked as a bus driver and other jobs.<a href="#cite_note-Douglas-obit-Asbury-Park-Press-5">[5]</a> His father had mental health issues throughout his life, which worsened in his later life.<a href="#cite_note-RS2-7">[7]</a> His mother, who was originally from the <a href="Bay_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay Ridge">Bay Ridge</a> neighborhood of <a href="Brooklyn%2C_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> worked as a legal secretary and was the family's main breadwinner.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> He is of Dutch, Irish, and Italian descent,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and grew up <a href="Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> in <a href="Freehold_Borough%2C_New_Jersey" title="Freehold Borough, New Jersey">Freehold, New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

Springsteen's paternal ancestors were among the early Dutch families who, in the 17th century, settled in <a href="Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial-era America</a>, then part of the <a href="Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> known as <a href="New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Springsteen's paternal ancestor, John Springsteen, was a <a href="Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriot</a> in the <a href="American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, which evolved into the <a href="Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> during the <a href="American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The Springsteen surname originates in <a href="Groningen_(province)" title="Groningen (province)">Groningen</a>, a province in the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and is <a href="Topographic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Topographic name">topographic</a>, translating to "jump stone" and meaning a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stepping_stone" class="extiw external" title="wikt:stepping stone">stepping stone</a> used on unpaved streets or between two houses.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Springsteen's Italian maternal grandfather was born in <a href="Vico_Equense" title="Vico Equense">Vico Equense</a> and emigrated through <a href="Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> He arrived in the United States unable to read or write English, but went on to become a lawyer and impressed the young Springsteen as being "larger than life".<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

Springsteen has two younger sisters, Virginia and <a href="Pamela_Springsteen" title="Pamela Springsteen">Pamela</a> (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1962). Pamela Springsteen worked briefly as an actress and later as a photographer; she took photos for three Springsteen albums, <a href="Human_Touch" title="Human Touch">Human Touch</a>, <a href="Lucky_Town" title="Lucky Town">Lucky Town</a>, and <a href="The_Ghost_of_Tom_Joad" title="The Ghost of Tom Joad">The Ghost of Tom Joad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

Springsteen attended the St. Rose of Lima Catholic School in Freehold, where he was at odds with the nuns and rebelled against the strictures imposed upon him, though some of his later music reflected a Catholic ethos and included <a href="Irish_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic">Irish Catholic</a> hymns with a rock music twist.<a href="#cite_note-glorydays-19">[19]</a> In 2012, Springsteen said that it was his Catholic upbringing rather than his political ideology that most influenced his music. He said his faith gave him a "very active spiritual life" but joked that this "made it very difficult sexually" and added "once a Catholic, always a Catholic".<a href="#cite_note-RS2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> He grew up hearing fellow New Jersey singer <a href="Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> on the radio, and became interested in being a musician by the age of seven after seeing <a href="Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>'s performances on <a href="The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a> in 1956 and 1957. Soon after, his mother rented him a guitar from Mike Diehl's Music in Freehold for $6 a week, but it failed to provide him with the instant gratification he desired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatham20138–9-21">[21]</a>

In ninth grade, Springsteen entered <a href="Freehold_High_School" title="Freehold High School">Freehold High School</a>, a public high school, but did not fit in there either. A former teacher said Springsteen was a "loner who wanted nothing more than to play his guitar". He graduated in 1967, but felt so alienated that he skipped his graduation ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-Springsteen._Robert_Hilburn_1985,_p._28-2">[2]</a> He briefly attended <a href="Ocean_County_College" title="Ocean County College">Ocean County College</a>, but dropped out.<a href="#cite_note-glorydays-19">[19]</a> At age 19, Springsteen was <a href="Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">called for his draft physical</a>, but failed it because of a <a href="Concussion" title="Concussion">concussion</a> he suffered in a motorcycle accident two years earlier combined with his behavior at induction, both of which reportedly made him unacceptable for <a href="Military_service" title="Military service">military service</a>. In failing his examination, Springsteen likely avoided service in the <a href="Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In 1969, when he was 20 years old, Springsteen's parents and sister Pamela moved to <a href="San_Mateo%2C_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo, California</a>; he and his sister Virginia, who was married and pregnant at the time, remained in Freehold.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1964–1972:_Early_career"> 1964–1972: Early career</h3></div>

In 1964, Springsteen saw <a href="The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' televised appearances on <a href="The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a>. Inspired, he bought his first guitar for $18.95 at the <a href="Western_Auto" title="Western Auto">Western Auto</a> appliance store.<a href="#cite_note-Crandall-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatham201312–13-28">[28]</a> Thereafter, he started playing for audiences with a band called the Rogues at local venues, including <a href="Elks_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Elks Lodge">Elks Lodge</a> in Freehold.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin201226-29">[29]</a> Later that year, his mother took out a loan to buy him a $60 <a href="Kent_(guitar)" title="Kent (guitar)">Kent</a> guitar, an act he later memorialized in his song "The Wish". In 1965, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist and subsequently one of the lead singers of <a href="The_Castiles" title="The Castiles">the Castiles</a>, a band that recorded two original songs at a public recording studio in <a href="Brick_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Brick Township">Brick Township</a> and played a variety of venues, including <a href="Cafe_Wha%3F" title="Cafe Wha?">Cafe Wha?</a> in <a href="Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. Marion Vinyard said she believed the young Springsteen when he promised he would make it big.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatham2013-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In the late 1960s, Springsteen performed briefly in a <a href="Power_trio" title="Power trio">power trio</a> known as Earth, who played in various clubs in New Jersey and at a major show at the Hotel Diplomat in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatham2013-30">[30]</a>

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This was different, shifted the lay of the land. Four guys, playing and singing, writing their own material. [...] Rock 'n' roll came to my house where there seemed to be no way out [...] and opened up a whole world of possibilities.

</blockquote>

<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Springsteen on the <a href="Cultural_impact_of_the_Beatles" title="Cultural impact of the Beatles">impact of the Beatles</a><a href="#cite_note-Crandall-27">[27]</a></cite></div>

</div>

From 1969 through early 1971, Springsteen performed with the band Child, which later changed its name to <a href="Steel_Mill" title="Steel Mill">Steel Mill</a> and included <a href="Danny_Federici" title="Danny Federici">Danny Federici</a>, <a href="Vini_Lopez" title="Vini Lopez">Vini Lopez</a>, <a href="Vinnie_Roslin" title="Vinnie Roslin">Vinnie Roslin</a>, and later <a href="Steven_Van_Zandt" title="Steven Van Zandt">Steven Van Zandt</a> and <a href="Robbin_Thompson" title="Robbin Thompson">Robbin Thompson</a>. Steel Mill performed at various <a href="Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a> venues and also outside of New Jersey, in <a href="Richmond%2C_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <a href="Nashville%2C_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, and <a href="California" title="California">California</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatham2013-30">[30]</a> and gathered a cult following. In his January 1970 review of Steel Mill's show at <a href="The_Matrix_(club)" title="The Matrix (club)">The Matrix</a>, music critic Philip Elwood wrote in the <a href="San_Francisco_Examiner" title="San Francisco Examiner">San Francisco Examiner</a> that he had "never been so overwhelmed by a totally unknown talent"<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and called Steel Mill "the first big thing that's happened to <a href="Asbury_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbury Park">Asbury Park</a> since the good ship <a href="SS_Morro_Castle_(1930)" title="SS Morro Castle (1930)">Morro Castle</a> burned to the waterline of that Jersey beach in '34".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatham2013-30">[30]</a> Elwood praised the band's "cohesive musicality" and called Springsteen "a most impressive composer".<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In <a href="San_Mateo%2C_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo</a>, Steel Mill recorded three original Springsteen songs at Pacific Recording.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

As Springsteen sought to shape a unique and genuine musical and lyrical style, he performed with the bands Dr. Zoom & the Sonic Boom from early-to-mid-1971, the Sundance Blues Band in mid-1971, and the Bruce Springsteen Band from mid-1971 to mid-1972.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> His songwriting ability included, as his future record label described it in early publicity campaigns, "more words in some individual songs than other artists had in whole albums". He brought his skills to the attention of several people who went on to prove influential to his career development, including managers <a href="Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a> and Jim Cretecos, who in turn brought him to the attention of <a href="John_Hammond_(record_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hammond (record producer)">John Hammond</a>, a talent scout at <a href="Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. In May 1972, Springsteen auditioned for Hammond.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>

In October 1972, Springsteen formed a new band for the recording of his debut album, <a href="Greetings_from_Asbury_Park%2C_N.J." title="Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.">Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.</a> The band eventually became known as the <a href="E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a>, although the name was not used until September 1974.<a href="#cite_note-rs-esb-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Springsteen acquired the nickname "the Boss" during this period, since he took on the task of collecting his band's nightly pay and distributing it among his bandmates.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-nicknames-40">[40]</a> The nickname also reportedly sprang from games of <a href="Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a>, which Springsteen played with other Jersey Shore musicians.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1972–1974:_Initial_struggle">1972–1974: Initial struggle</h3></div>

Springsteen was signed to <a href="Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> in 1972 by John Hammond, who had signed <a href="Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> to the same label a decade earlier. His debut album, <a href="Greetings_from_Asbury_Park%2C_N.J." title="Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.">Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.</a>, was released in January 1973, establishing him as a critical favorite.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

Because of Springsteen's lyrical poeticism and <a href="Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>-rooted music exemplified on tracks like "<a href="Blinded_by_the_Light" title="Blinded by the Light">Blinded by the Light</a>" and "<a href="For_You_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="For You (Bruce Springsteen song)">For You</a>", and his connection with Hammond and Columbia Records, critics initially compared Springsteen to <a href="Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>. "He sings with a freshness and urgency I haven't heard since I was rocked by '<a href="Like_a_Rolling_Stone" title="Like a Rolling Stone">Like a Rolling Stone</a>'", <a href="Crawdaddy_(magazine)" title="Crawdaddy (magazine)">Crawdaddy</a> magazine editor <a href="Peter_Knobler" title="Peter Knobler">Peter Knobler</a> wrote in a March 1973 profile of Springsteen's that included photographs taken by <a href="Ed_Gallucci" title="Ed Gallucci">Ed Gallucci</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Crawdaddy was an early champion of Springsteen; Knobler profiled him in the magazine three times, in 1973, 1975, and 1978.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In June 1976, Springsteen and the E Street Band acknowledged the magazine's support by giving a private performance at the magazine's 10th Anniversary Party in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

Springsteen's second album, <a href="The_Wild%2C_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a>, was released in November 1973, eleven months after Greetings from Asbury Park. Like Springsteen's inaugural album, The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle was met with critical acclaim but limited commercial success. Springsteen's songs became grander in form and scope with the E Street Band providing a less folksy, more <a href="Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> vibe, and lyrics that romanticized teenage street life. "<a href="4th_of_July%2C_Asbury_Park_(Sandy)" title="4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)">4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)</a>" and "Incident on 57th Street" became fan favorites, while "<a href="Rosalita_(Come_Out_Tonight)" title="Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)">Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)</a>" continues to rank among Springsteen's most beloved concert numbers. "Rosalita" is the ninth-most played song in Springsteen's concert catalog; as of June 2020, he has played it live 809 times.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

In February 1974, <a href="The_Stone_Pony" title="The Stone Pony">the Stone Pony</a>, a music venue and bar, opened on Ocean Avenue in <a href="Asbury_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbury Park">Asbury Park</a>, and Springsteen played there regularly. Several years later, in the early 1980s, prior to the start of the <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A._Tour" title="Born in the U.S.A. Tour">Born in the U.S.A. Tour</a> in June 1984, Springsteen also met his second and current wife <a href="Patti_Scialfa" title="Patti Scialfa">Patti Scialfa</a> at the Stone Pony during her performance there. A regular venue for Springsteen, <a href="Jon_Bon_Jovi" title="Jon Bon Jovi">Jon Bon Jovi</a>, <a href="Southside_Johnny" title="Southside Johnny">Southside Johnny</a>, and other acts from the area, the Stone Pony has since been described as "an integral part of music history for decades."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>

After seeing Springsteen's performance at the Harvard Square Theater in 1974, music critic <a href="Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a> wrote that he "saw rock and roll future, and its name is Bruce Springsteen."<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Springsteen met Landau in Boston a month prior and the two became close friends;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012178–179-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012104–105-51">[51]</a> Landau subsequently became the co-producer of Springsteen's next album, <a href="Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run">Born to Run</a>, in February 1975.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsh1981146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201054-53">[53]</a> As Springsteen's last-ditch effort at a commercially viable record, Springsteen became bogged down in the recording process while striving for a "<a href="Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a>" production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202086–89-54">[54]</a> When his manager, <a href="Mike_Appel" title="Mike Appel">Mike Appel</a>, orchestrated the release of an early mix of "<a href="Born_to_Run_(song)" title="Born to Run (song)">Born to Run</a>" to nearly a dozen radio stations, anticipation built toward the album's release.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201048-55">[55]</a>

The album took over 14 months to record, with six months spent recording "Born to Run" alone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202071–72-56">[56]</a> E Street Band members David Sancious and Ernest Carter departed after "Born to Run" was completed, and were replaced by <a href="Roy_Bittan" title="Roy Bittan">Roy Bittan</a> and <a href="Max_Weinberg" title="Max Weinberg">Max Weinberg</a> on piano and drums, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201650-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012182–184-58">[58]</a> Springsteen battled with anger and frustration throughout the sessions, saying he heard "sounds in [his] head" that he could not explain to the others in the studio.<a href="#cite_note-week-59">[59]</a> He also dealt with two producers who had opposing views.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012194-60">[60]</a> During the recording of "<a href="Tenth_Avenue_Freeze-Out" title="Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out">Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out</a>", Steven Van Zandt conceived the horn parts for the horn players on the spot in the studio after Springsteen and Bittan had failed to write proper ones by the time the players arrived to record. He joined the E Street Band shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202080–81-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012196–197-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201057–58-63">[63]</a> Mixing for Born to Run lasted until July 20, 1975, just before a concert tour began.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012197–199-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012124–125-65">[65]</a>

Born to Run was mastered while the band was on the road. Springsteen was furious at the initial acetate, throwing it into the swimming pool of the hotel he was staying at. He contemplated scrapping the entire project and re-recording it live before he was stopped by Landau.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012197–199-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202075-66">[66]</a> Springsteen was sent multiple mixes as he was on the road and rejected all of them until August when he approved the final one.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012125–126-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur201062-68">[68]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1975–1983:_Born_to_Run_and_breakthrough_success">1975–1983: Born to Run and breakthrough success</h3></div>

<a href="Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run">Born to Run</a> was released in August 1975. It proved to be a breakthrough album<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> that catapulted Springsteen to worldwide fame.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The album peaked at No. 3 on the <a href="Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard Top LPs & Tape</a> chart, eventually going seven times platinum in the US.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon202070–71-73">[73]</a> The album's two singles, "Born to Run" and "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" reached No. 23 and 83, respectively, on the Billboard Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012128-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> According to author Louis Masur, the album's success was tied to the fears of growing old held by a generation of late teenagers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010111–112-76">[76]</a>

In October 1975, Springsteen appeared on the covers of both <a href="Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> and <a href="Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> in the same week, becoming the first artist to do so.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The magazines' cover stories resulted in a media backlash,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010132-78">[78]</a> as critics began wondering if Springsteen was for real or the product of record company promotion.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Springsteen was hurt by the backlash<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasur2010133-81">[81]</a> and disliked his newfound attention. When the E Street Band arrived in London for their first concerts outside North America,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201661-82">[82]</a> Springsteen personally tore down promotional posters in the lobby of the <a href="Hammersmith_Odeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammersmith Odeon">Hammersmith Odeon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012212–213-83">[83]</a>

A legal battle with Appel kept Springsteen out of the studio for nearly a year, during which time he kept the E Street Band together through <a href="Born_to_Run_tours" title="Born to Run tours">extensive touring across the U.S.</a> and continued writing new material.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-CameronGuardian-85">[85]</a> Reaching a settlement with Appel in May 1977,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-84">[84]</a> Springsteen returned to the studio, and the subsequent nine-month recording sessions with the E Street Band produced <a href="Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012345-86">[86]</a> The record stripped the "Wall of Sound" production of Born to Run<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012149–152-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020114–115-88">[88]</a> for a rawer <a href="Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> sound.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200756–61-89">[89]</a> Its lyrics focus on ill-fortuned people who fight back against overwhelming odds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpringsteen2016262-90">[90]</a>

Released in June 1978,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201671-91">[91]</a> Darkness on the Edge of Town sold fewer copies than its predecessor,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> but remained on the Billboard chart for 167 weeks, selling three million copies in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020102–109-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201668–70-93">[93]</a> Its three singles—"<a href="Prove_It_All_Night" title="Prove It All Night">Prove It All Night</a>", "<a href="Badlands_(song)" title="Badlands (song)">Badlands</a>", and "<a href="The_Promised_Land_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="The Promised Land (Bruce Springsteen song)">The Promised Land</a>"—performed modestly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201668–70-93">[93]</a> The supporting <a href="Darkness_Tour" title="Darkness Tour">Darkness Tour</a> was Springsteen's largest up to that point and featured shows that lasted upwards of three hours in length.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200761–64-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201672–75-95">[95]</a> The staff of <a href="Ultimate_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate Classic Rock">Ultimate Classic Rock</a> said the tour solidified Springsteen and the E Street Band as "one of the most exciting live acts in rock 'n' roll".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>

By the late 1970s, Springsteen earned a reputation as a songwriter whose material could provide hits for other bands. <a href="Manfred_Mann's_Earth_Band" title="Manfred Mann's Earth Band">Manfred Mann's Earth Band</a> had achieved a U.S. No. 1 pop hit with a heavily rearranged version of Greetings' "Blinded by the Light" in early 1977. <a href="Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> reached No. 13 with her version of Springsteen's unreleased "<a href="Because_the_Night" title="Because the Night">Because the Night</a>" with revised lyrics by Smith in 1978. <a href="The_Pointer_Sisters" title="The Pointer Sisters">The Pointer Sisters</a> hit No. 2 in 1979 with Springsteen's then unreleased "<a href="Fire_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Fire (Bruce Springsteen song)">Fire</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick200752–54-97">[97]</a> Between 1976 and 1978, Springsteen provided four compositions to <a href="Southside_Johnny_and_the_Asbury_Jukes" title="Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes">Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes</a>, including "<a href="The_Fever_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="The Fever (Bruce Springsteen song)">The Fever</a>" and "Hearts of Stone", and collaborated on four more with <a href="Steven_Van_Zandt" title="Steven Van Zandt">Steven Van Zandt</a>, producer of their first three albums.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012-98">[98]</a>

In September 1979, Springsteen and the E Street Band joined the <a href="Musicians_United_for_Safe_Energy" title="Musicians United for Safe Energy">Musicians United for Safe Energy</a> <a href="Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">anti-nuclear power</a> collective at <a href="Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> for two nights, playing an abbreviated set while premiering two songs from his upcoming album. The subsequent <a href="No_Nukes_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="No Nukes (album)">No Nukes</a> live album, as well as the following summer's <a href="No_Nukes_(film)" title="No Nukes (film)">No Nukes</a> documentary film, represented the first official recordings and footage of Springsteen's fabled live act and Springsteen's first tentative dip into political involvement.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>

The recording sessions for Springsteen's fifth album, <a href="The_River_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="The River (Bruce Springsteen album)">The River</a>, lasted 18 months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012270-100">[100]</a> The 20-track <a href="Double_album" title="Double album">double album</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020144–146-101">[101]</a> was an attempt at capturing the energy and feel of the E Street Band playing live on stage<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> and featured a mix of party songs and introspective ballads.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Released in October 1980, The River became Springsteen's biggest and fastest-selling album yet, topping the U.S. Billboard chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012167–181-104">[104]</a> The single "<a href="Hungry_Heart" title="Hungry Heart">Hungry Heart</a>" became his first top ten single as a performer, reaching number five,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolan2012167–181-104">[104]</a> while "<a href="Fade_Away_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Fade Away (Bruce Springsteen song)">Fade Away</a>" reached No. 20.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020186–187-105">[105]</a>

Several songs on The River foreshadowed the direction of Springsteen's next record,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020142–144-106">[106]</a> the <a href="Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">minimalist</a>, folk-inspired solo effort <a href="Nebraska_(album)" title="Nebraska (album)">Nebraska</a>, released in September 1982.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020192–193-107">[107]</a> Springsteen recorded the songs on the album as <a href="Demo_(music)" title="Demo (music)">demo</a> recordings at his home in <a href="Colts_Neck%2C_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Colts Neck, New Jersey">Colts Neck, New Jersey</a>, intending to re-record them with the E Street Band, but after poor test sessions he decided to release the recordings as is.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020194–195-109">[109]</a> The album chronicled dark hardships felt by everyday blue-collar workers, as well as bleak tales of criminals, cops, and gang wars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020192–193-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012292-110">[110]</a> Nebraska sold minimally compared to Springsteen's three previous albums, but reached No. 3 on the Billboard chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201682–83-111">[111]</a> Nevertheless, it surprised critics, who praised it as a brave artistic statement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaar201682–83-111">[111]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984–1986:_Born_in_the_U.S.A._and_cultural_phenomenon">1984–1986: Born in the U.S.A. and cultural phenomenon</h3></div>

In 1984, Springsteen released <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A." title="Born in the U.S.A.">Born in the U.S.A.</a>, which sold 30 million worldwide, and became one of the <a href="List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">best-selling albums of all time</a>,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> with seven singles hitting the top ten. The <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A._(song)" title="Born in the U.S.A. (song)">title track</a> was a bitter commentary on the treatment of <a href="Vietnam_veteran" title="Vietnam veteran">Vietnam veterans</a>, some of whom were Springsteen's friends. The lyrics in the verses were entirely unambiguous when listened to, but the anthemic music and the title of the song made it hard for many, from politicians to the common person, to get the lyrics—except those in the chorus, which could be read many ways.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The song made a huge political impact, as he was advocating for the rights of the common working-class man.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a>

The song was widely misinterpreted as <a href="Patriotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic">patriotic</a>, and in connection with the <a href="1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984 presidential campaign</a> became the <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A._(song)#Political_reactions" title="Born in the U.S.A. (song)">subject of considerable folklore</a>. In 1984, conservative columnist <a href="George_Will" title="George Will">George Will</a> attended a Springsteen concert and then wrote a column praising Springsteen's work ethic. Six days after the column's publication, then President <a href="Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, in a campaign rally in <a href="Hammonton%2C_New_Jersey" title="Hammonton, New Jersey">Hammonton, New Jersey</a>, made brief mention of the song, saying, "America's future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts. It rests in the message of hope in the songs of a man so many young Americans admire—New Jersey's own, Bruce Springsteen." Two nights later, at a concert in <a href="Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, Springsteen told the crowd, "Well, the president was mentioning my name in his speech the other day and I kind of got to wondering what his favorite album of mine must've been, you know? I don't think it was the Nebraska album. I don't think he's been listening to this one." He then began playing "Johnny 99", with its allusions to closing factories and criminals.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a>

"<a href="Dancing_in_the_Dark_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Dancing in the Dark (Bruce Springsteen song)">Dancing in the Dark</a>" was the biggest of seven hit singles from Born in the U.S.A., peaking at No. 2 on the <a href="Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> singles chart. The video for the song showed a young <a href="Courteney_Cox" title="Courteney Cox">Courteney Cox</a> dancing on stage with Springsteen, which helped start the actress's career. The song "<a href="Cover_Me_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Cover Me (Bruce Springsteen song)">Cover Me</a>" was written by Springsteen for <a href="Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a>, but his record company persuaded him to keep it for the new album. A big fan of Summer's work, Springsteen wrote another song for her, "<a href="Protection_(Donna_Summer_song)" title="Protection (Donna Summer song)">Protection</a>". Videos for Born in the U.S.A. were directed by <a href="Brian_De_Palma" title="Brian De Palma">Brian De Palma</a> and <a href="John_Sayles" title="John Sayles">John Sayles</a>. Springsteen played on the "<a href="We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>" song and <a href="We_Are_the_World_(album)" title="We Are the World (album)">album</a> in 1985. His live cover of the <a href="Trapped_(Jimmy_Cliff_song)" title="Trapped (Jimmy Cliff song)">Jimmy Cliff song "Trapped"</a> from that album received moderate airplay on US Top 40 stations as well as reaching No. 1 on the Billboard <a href="Top_Rock_Tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Top Rock Tracks">Top Rock Tracks</a> chart.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a>

The Born in the U.S.A. period represented the height of Springsteen's visibility in popular culture and the broadest audience he would ever reach (aided by the release of <a href="Arthur_Baker_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Baker (musician)">Arthur Baker</a>'s <a href="Remix" title="Remix">dance mixes</a> of three of the singles). From June 15 to August 10, 1985, all seven of his albums appeared on the <a href="UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart">UK Albums Chart</a>: the first time an artist had charted their entire back catalogue simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a>

<a href="Live/1975%E2%80%9385" class="mw-redirect" title="Live/1975–85">Live/1975–85</a>, a five-record box set (also on three cassettes or three CDs), was released near the end of 1986 and became the first box set to debut at No. 1 on the U.S. album charts. It is one of the most commercially successful live albums of all time, ultimately selling 13 million units in the U.S. During the 1980s, several Springsteen <a href="Fanzines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanzines">fanzines</a> were launched, including <a href="Backstreets_Magazine" title="Backstreets Magazine">Backstreets</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1987–1991:_Tunnel_of_Love_and_activism">1987–1991: Tunnel of Love and activism</h3></div>

Springsteen released the much more sedate and contemplative <a href="Tunnel_of_Love_(album)" title="Tunnel of Love (album)">Tunnel of Love</a> in October 1987. The album is a mature reflection on the many faces of love found, lost and squandered, and the full sound of the E Street Band is included only selectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020264–271-119">[119]</a> Although it sold less than Born in the U.S.A., it was a commercial success, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020264–271-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a>

On July 19, 1988, Springsteen's <a href="Berlin_Wall#Bruce_Springsteen,_1988" title="Berlin Wall">concert in East Germany</a> attracted 300,000 spectators. Journalist Erik Kirschbaum called the concert "the most important rock concert ever, anywhere" in his 2013 book Rocking the Wall. Bruce Springsteen: The Berlin Concert That Changed the World. The concert had been conceived by the <a href="Socialist_Unity_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Unity Party">Socialist Unity Party</a>'s <a href="Free_German_Youth" title="Free German Youth">youth wing</a> in an attempt to placate the youth of <a href="East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, who were hungry for more freedom and the popular music of the West. However, it is Kirschbaum's opinion that the success of the concert catalyzed opposition to the regime in East Germany, and helped contribute to the <a href="Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">fall of the Berlin Wall</a> the following year.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a>

Later in 1988, Springsteen headlined the worldwide <a href="Human_Rights_Now!" title="Human Rights Now!">Human Rights Now!</a> tour for <a href="Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. In October 1989, he dissolved the E Street Band.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020304-123">[123]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992–1998:_Academy_award,_Greatest_Hits,_and_soundtracks">1992–1998: Academy award, Greatest Hits, and soundtracks</h3></div>

In 1992, after risking fan accusations of "going Hollywood" by moving to Los Angeles and working with <a href="Session_musician" title="Session musician">session musicians</a>, Springsteen released two albums at once: <a href="Human_Touch" title="Human Touch">Human Touch</a> and <a href="Lucky_Town" title="Lucky Town">Lucky Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020304-123">[123]</a>

An electric band appearance on the acoustic <a href="MTV_Unplugged" title="MTV Unplugged">MTV Unplugged</a> television program (later released as <a href="In_Concert/MTV_Plugged" title="In Concert/MTV Plugged">In Concert/MTV Plugged</a>) was poorly received and cemented fan dissatisfaction.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a>

Springsteen won an <a href="Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> in 1994 for his song "<a href="Streets_of_Philadelphia" title="Streets of Philadelphia">Streets of Philadelphia</a>", which appeared on the soundtrack to the film <a href="Philadelphia_(film)" title="Philadelphia (film)">Philadelphia</a>. The video for the song shows Springsteen's actual vocal performance, recorded using a hidden microphone, to a prerecorded instrumental track. This technique was developed on the "<a href="Brilliant_Disguise#Video" title="Brilliant Disguise">Brilliant Disguise</a>" video.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020288-125">[125]</a>

In 1995, after temporarily re-organizing the E Street Band for a few new songs recorded for his first <a href="Greatest_Hits_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Bruce Springsteen album)">Greatest Hits</a> album (a recording session that was chronicled in the documentary <a href="Blood_Brothers_(1996_film)" title="Blood Brothers (1996 film)">Blood Brothers</a>), and also one show at Tramps in New York City,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020354-126">[126]</a> he released his second folk album, <a href="The_Ghost_of_Tom_Joad" title="The Ghost of Tom Joad">The Ghost of Tom Joad</a>. The album was inspired by <a href="John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s <a href="The_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="The Grapes of Wrath">The Grapes of Wrath</a> and by Journey to Nowhere: The Saga of the New Underclass, a book by Pulitzer Prize-winning author <a href="Dale_Maharidge" title="Dale Maharidge">Dale Maharidge</a> and photographer <a href="Michael_Williamson_(photographer)" title="Michael Williamson (photographer)">Michael Williamson</a>. The album was generally less well-received than the thematically similar Nebraska due to the minimal <a href="Melody" title="Melody">melody</a>, twangy vocals, and political nature of most of the songs; however, some praised it for giving a voice to immigrants and others who rarely have one in American culture. The lengthy, worldwide, small-venue solo acoustic <a href="Ghost_of_Tom_Joad_Tour" title="Ghost of Tom Joad Tour">Ghost of Tom Joad Tour</a> that followed presented many of his older songs in drastically reshaped acoustic form, although Springsteen had to explicitly remind his audiences to "shut the fuck up" and not to clap during the performances.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a>

Following that tour, Springsteen moved from California back to New Jersey with his family.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In 1998, he released the sprawling, four-disc <a href="Box_set" title="Box set">box set</a> of <a href="Outtake" title="Outtake">outtakes</a>, <a href="Tracks_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Tracks (Bruce Springsteen album)">Tracks</a>. Later, he would acknowledge that the 1990s were musically a "lost period" for him: "I didn't do a lot of work. Some people would say I didn't do my best work."<a href="#cite_note-rs-cover-129">[129]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1999–2007:_The_Rising,_Devils_&_Dust,_and_other_releases">1999–2007: The Rising, Devils & Dust, and other releases</h3></div>

Springsteen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 by <a href="Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> (the lead singer of U2), a favor he returned in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a>

In 1999, Springsteen and the E Street Band reunited and began their extensive <a href="Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_Reunion_Tour" title="Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band Reunion Tour">Reunion Tour</a>, which lasted over a year. Highlights included a record sold-out, 15-show run at <a href="Continental_Airlines_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Airlines Arena">Continental Airlines Arena</a> in <a href="East_Rutherford%2C_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford, New Jersey</a> and a ten-night, sold-out engagement at New York City's Madison Square Garden. A new song played at these shows, "<a href="American_Skin_(41_Shots)" title="American Skin (41 Shots)">American Skin (41 Shots)</a>" (about the police shooting of <a href="Amadou_Diallo" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadou Diallo">Amadou Diallo</a>), proved controversial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020609–610-131">[131]</a>

In 2002, Springsteen released his first studio effort with the full band in 18 years, <a href="The_Rising_(album)" title="The Rising (album)">The Rising</a>, produced by <a href="Brendan_O'Brien_(music_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brendan O'Brien (music producer)">Brendan O'Brien</a>. The album, mostly a reflection on the <a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, was a critical and popular success. <a href="The_Rising_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="The Rising (Bruce Springsteen song)">The title track</a> gained airplay in several radio formats, and the record became Springsteen's best-selling album of new material in 15 years. Kicked off by an early-morning Asbury Park appearance on <a href="The_Today_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Today Show">The Today Show</a>, <a href="The_Rising_Tour" title="The Rising Tour">The Rising Tour</a> commenced; the band barnstormed through a series of single-night arena stands in the U.S. and Europe. Springsteen played an unprecedented 10 nights at <a href="Giants_Stadium" title="Giants Stadium">Giants Stadium</a> in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a>

The Rising won the Grammy for <a href="Best_Rock_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Rock Album">Best Rock Album</a> and was nominated for <a href="Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Album of the Year</a> at the <a href="45th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="45th Annual Grammy Awards">45th Annual Grammy Awards</a> in 2003. In addition, "The Rising" won the Grammy for <a href="Best_Rock_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Rock Song">Best Rock Song</a> and for <a href="Best_Male_Rock_Vocal_Performance" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Male Rock Vocal Performance">Best Male Rock Vocal Performance</a>, and nominated for <a href="Grammy_Award_for_Song_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Song of the Year">Song of the Year.</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> At the ceremony, Springsteen performed <a href="The_Clash" title="The Clash">the Clash</a>'s "<a href="London_Calling_(song)" title="London Calling (song)">London Calling</a>" with <a href="Elvis_Costello" title="Elvis Costello">Elvis Costello</a>, <a href="Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>, and E Street Band member Steven Van Zandt and <a href="No_Doubt" title="No Doubt">No Doubt</a>'s bassist, <a href="Tony_Kanal" title="Tony Kanal">Tony Kanal</a>, in tribute to <a href="Joe_Strummer" title="Joe Strummer">Joe Strummer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In 2004, Springsteen and the E Street Band participated in the <a href="Vote_for_Change" title="Vote for Change">Vote for Change</a> tour, with <a href="John_Mellencamp" title="John Mellencamp">John Mellencamp</a>, <a href="John_Fogerty" title="John Fogerty">John Fogerty</a>, the <a href="Dixie_Chicks" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixie Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a>, <a href="Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a>, <a href="R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, <a href="Bright_Eyes_(band)" title="Bright Eyes (band)">Bright Eyes</a>, the <a href="Dave_Matthews_Band" title="Dave Matthews Band">Dave Matthews Band</a>, <a href="Jackson_Browne" title="Jackson Browne">Jackson Browne</a>, and other musicians.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a>

The solo record <a href="Devils_%26_Dust" title="Devils & Dust">Devils & Dust</a> was released in April 2005. It is a low-key, mostly acoustic album, in the same vein as Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad. Some of the material was written almost 10 years earlier, during or shortly after the Ghost of Tom Joad Tour; a few of the songs had been performed at that time but unreleased.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The <a href="Devils_%26_Dust_(song)" title="Devils & Dust (song)">title track</a> concerns an ordinary soldier's feelings and fears during the <a href="2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Iraq War</a>. The album topped the charts in ten countries. Springsteen began the solo <a href="Devils_%26_Dust_Tour" title="Devils & Dust Tour">Devils & Dust Tour</a> at the same time as the album's release, playing both small and large venues. Attendance was disappointing in a few regions, and except in Europe tickets were easier to get than in the past.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a>

In April 2006, Springsteen released <a href="We_Shall_Overcome%3A_The_Seeger_Sessions" title="We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions">We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions</a>, an American roots music project focused around a big folk sound treatment of 15 songs popularized by the radical musical activism of <a href="Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>. A <a href="Bruce_Springsteen_with_The_Seeger_Sessions_Band_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Springsteen with The Seeger Sessions Band Tour">tour</a> began the same month, with the 18-strong ensemble of musicians dubbed the Seeger Sessions Band (and later shortened to the Sessions Band). The tour proved very popular in Europe, selling out everywhere and receiving some excellent reviews,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> including its opening act in New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> but newspapers reported that a number of U.S. shows suffered from sparse attendance.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a>

Springsteen's next album, <a href="Magic_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Magic (Bruce Springsteen album)">Magic</a>, was released in October 2007. Recorded with the E Street Band, it had 10 new Springsteen songs plus "<a href="Long_Walk_Home" title="Long Walk Home">Long Walk Home</a>", performed once with the Sessions band, and a hidden track (the first included on a Springsteen studio release), "<a href="Terry's_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Terry's Song">Terry's Song</a>", a tribute to Springsteen's long-time assistant Terry Magovern, who died in July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-back-143">[143]</a> Magic debuted at No. 1 in the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Ireland and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020503-145">[145]</a> Springsteen supported the album on the <a href="Magic_Tour_(Bruce_Springsteen)" title="Magic Tour (Bruce Springsteen)">Magic Tour</a>, his first tour with the E Street Band since 2003.<a href="#cite_note-sf-146">[146]</a> It was the final tour for longtime E Street member <a href="Danny_Federici" title="Danny Federici">Danny Federici</a>, who died in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012430–431-147">[147]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–2011:_Political_involvement,_Super_Bowl_XLIII,_and_Kennedy_Center_Honors">2008–2011: Political involvement, Super Bowl XLIII, and Kennedy Center Honors</h3></div>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:462px;max-width:462px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Springsteen at a <a href="Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> campaign rally</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><a href="Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, on November 2, 2008</div></div></div></div>

Springsteen supported <a href="Barack_Obama's_2008_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign">Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-2008-148">[148]</a> He gave solo acoustic performances in support of Obama's campaign throughout 2008,<a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-2008-149">[149]</a> culminating with a November 2 rally at which he debuted the song "<a href="Working_on_a_Dream_(song)" title="Working on a Dream (song)">Working on a Dream</a>" in a duet with Scialfa.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Following Obama's electoral victory on November 4, Springsteen's song "The Rising" was the first song played over the loudspeakers after Obama's victory speech in Chicago's <a href="Grant_Park_(Chicago)" title="Grant Park (Chicago)">Grant Park</a>. Springsteen was the musical opener for the <a href="We_Are_One%3A_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Obama Inaugural Celebration</a> on January 18, 2009, which was attended by over 400,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-WP1-151">[151]</a> He performed "The Rising" with an all-female choir. Later he performed <a href="Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>'s "<a href="This_Land_Is_Your_Land" title="This Land Is Your Land">This Land Is Your Land</a>" with Pete Seeger.

On January 11, 2009, Springsteen won the <a href="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Song">Golden Globe Award for Best Song</a> for "<a href="The_Wrestler_(song)" title="The Wrestler (song)">The Wrestler</a>", from the <a href="Darren_Aronofsky" title="Darren Aronofsky">Darren Aronofsky</a> <a href="The_Wrestler_(2008_film)" title="The Wrestler (2008 film)">film by the same name</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GGwin-152">[152]</a> After receiving a heartfelt letter from lead actor <a href="Mickey_Rourke" title="Mickey Rourke">Mickey Rourke</a>, Springsteen supplied the song for the film for free.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a>

Springsteen performed at the <a href="Super_Bowl_halftime_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Bowl halftime shows">halftime show</a> at <a href="Super_Bowl_XLIII" title="Super Bowl XLIII">Super Bowl XLIII</a> on February 1, 2009,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> agreeing to perform after having declined on prior occasions.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-laur-155">[155]</a> A few days before the game, Springsteen gave a rare press conference at which he promised a "twelve-minute party".<a href="#cite_note-sfm111708-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> It has been reported that this press conference was Springsteen's first press conference in more than 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> His 12-minute 45-second set, with the E Street Band and the Miami Horns, included abbreviated renditions of "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out", "Born to Run", "Working on a Dream", and "Glory Days", the latter complete with football references in place of the original baseball-themed lyrics. The set of appearances and promotional activities led Springsteen to say, "This has probably been the busiest month of my life."<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a>

<a href="Working_on_a_Dream" title="Working on a Dream">Working on a Dream</a>, dedicated to Federici, was released in late January 2009.<a href="#cite_note-sfm111708-156">[156]</a> The supporting <a href="Working_on_a_Dream_Tour" title="Working on a Dream Tour">Working on a Dream Tour</a> ran from April to November 2009. The band performed five final shows at Giants Stadium, opening with a new song highlighting the historic stadium, and Springsteen's Jersey roots, named "Wrecking Ball".<a href="#cite_note-nyt101109-160">[160]</a>

Springsteen received the <a href="Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> on December 6, 2009. President Obama gave a speech in which he asserted that Springsteen had incorporated the lives of regular Americans into his expansive palette of songs. Obama added that Springsteen's concerts were not just rock-and-roll concerts, but "communions". The event included musical tributes from <a href="Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a>, <a href="Ben_Harper" title="Ben Harper">Ben Harper</a>, John Mellencamp, <a href="Jennifer_Nettles" title="Jennifer Nettles">Jennifer Nettles</a>, <a href="Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a>, and <a href="Eddie_Vedder" title="Eddie Vedder">Eddie Vedder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a>

The 2000s ended with Springsteen named one of eight Artists of the Decade by Rolling Stone magazine<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> and with Springsteen's tours ranking him fourth among artists in total concert grosses for the decade.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a>

<a href="Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a>, the E Street Band's saxophonist and founding member, died on June 18, 2011, of complications from a stroke.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–2018:_Autobiography_and_Broadway_show">2012–2018: Autobiography and Broadway show</h3></div>

Springsteen's 17th studio album, <a href="Wrecking_Ball_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Wrecking Ball (Bruce Springsteen album)">Wrecking Ball</a>, was released in March 2012. The album consists of eleven tracks plus two bonus tracks. Three songs previously only available as live versions, "Wrecking Ball", "<a href="Land_of_Hope_and_Dreams" title="Land of Hope and Dreams">Land of Hope and Dreams</a>", and "American Land", appear on the album.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Wrecking Ball became Springsteen's tenth No. 1 album in the U.S., tying him with Elvis Presley for third most No. 1 albums of all time, behind the Beatles (19) and <a href="Jay_Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Z">Jay Z</a> (12) as of 2009.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> The supporting <a href="Wrecking_Ball_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrecking Ball Tour">Wrecking Ball Tour</a> shortly after its release. On July 31, 2012, in <a href="Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland, Springsteen performed his longest concert at four hours and six minutes with 33 songs.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a>

In 2012, Springsteen campaigned for President Barack Obama's re-election in the <a href="2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>, appearing and performing at Obama rallies in <a href="Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, and <a href="Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>. At the rallies, he briefly spoke to the audience and performed a short acoustic set that included a newly written song titled "Forward".<a href="#cite_note-Knickerbocker-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orel-2012-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sweet-2012-170">[170]</a>

At year's end, the Wrecking Ball Tour was named Top Draw by the <a href="Billboard_Touring_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Touring Awards">Billboard Touring Awards</a> for having the highest attendance of any tour that year. Financially, the tour grossed second to the one by <a href="Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Springsteen finished second only to <a href="Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> as the top money maker of 2012, with $33.44 million.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The Wrecking Ball album, along with the single "We Take Care of Our Own", was nominated for three <a href="Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, including Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song for "We Take Care of Our Own" and Best Rock Album.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Rolling Stone named Wrecking Ball the number one album of 2012 on their Top 50 list.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a>

In late July 2013, the documentary <a href="Springsteen_%26_I" title="Springsteen & I">Springsteen & I</a>, directed by <a href="Baillie_Walsh" title="Baillie Walsh">Baillie Walsh</a> and produced by <a href="Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a>, was released simultaneously via a worldwide cinema broadcast in over 50 countries and in over 2000 movie theaters.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a>

Springsteen released his eighteenth studio album, <a href="High_Hopes_(album)" title="High Hopes (album)">High Hopes</a>, in January 2014. The first single and video were of a newly recorded version of the song "<a href="High_Hopes_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Hopes (Bruce Springsteen song)">High Hopes</a>", which Springsteen had previously recorded in 1995. The album was the first by Springsteen in which all songs are either cover songs, newly recorded outtakes from previous records, or newly recorded versions of songs previously released. The 2014 E Street Band touring lineup appears on the album, including material they had recorded with Clemons and Federici before their deaths.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> High Hopes became Springsteen's eleventh No. 1 album in the US.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> It was his <a href="List_of_artists_by_number_of_UK_Albums_Chart_number_ones" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artists by number of UK Albums Chart number ones">tenth No. 1 in the UK</a>, tying him for fifth all-time with <a href="The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> and U2.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Rolling Stone named High Hopes the second best album of the year (behind U2's <a href="Songs_of_Innocence_(U2_album)" title="Songs of Innocence (U2 album)">Songs of Innocence</a>) on their Top 50 Albums of 2014 list.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a>

Springsteen made his acting debut in the final episode of season three of Van Zandt's show <a href="Lilyhammer" title="Lilyhammer">Lilyhammer</a>, which was named "Loose Ends" after a Springsteen song on the Tracks album.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a>

On August 6, 2015, Springsteen performed "Land of Hope and Dreams" and "Born to Run" on the final episode of <a href="The_Daily_Show_with_Jon_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Show with Jon Stewart">The Daily Show with Jon Stewart</a>, as Stewart's final 'Moment of Zen'. On October 16, to celebrate the 35th anniversary of The River, Springsteen announced <a href="The_Ties_That_Bind%3A_The_River_Collection" title="The Ties That Bind: The River Collection">The Ties That Bind: The River Collection</a> box set. Released on December 4, it contains four CDs (including many previously unreleased songs) and three DVDs (or Blu-ray) along with a 148-page coffee table book. In November 2015, "American Skin (41 Shots)" was performed with <a href="John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a> at <a href="Shining_a_Light%3A_A_Concert_for_Progress_on_Race_in_America" title="Shining a Light: A Concert for Progress on Race in America">Shining a Light: A Concert for Progress on Race in America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a>

Springsteen made his first appearance on <a href="Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> since 2002 on December 19, 2015, performing "Meet Me in the City", "<a href="The_Ties_That_Bind_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="The Ties That Bind (Bruce Springsteen song)">The Ties That Bind</a>", and "<a href="Santa_Claus_Is_Comin'_to_Town" title="Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town">Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town</a>".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a>

<a href="The_River_Tour_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="The River Tour 2016">The River Tour 2016</a> began in January 2016 in support of The Ties That Bind: The River Collection box set. All first-leg shows in North America included an in-sequence performance of the entire The River album along with other songs from Springsteen's catalog, and all dates were recorded and made available for purchase.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In April 2016, Springsteen was one of the first artists to boycott North Carolina's anti-transgender bathroom bill.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a>

<a href="Chapter_and_Verse_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Chapter and Verse (Bruce Springsteen album)">Chapter and Verse</a>, a compilation from throughout Springsteen's career dating back to 1966, was released in September 2016. The same month, <a href="Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a> published his 500-page autobiography, <a href="Born_to_Run_(autobiography)" title="Born to Run (autobiography)">Born to Run</a>. The book rose quickly to the top of The New York Times Best Sellers List.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a>

On September 7, 2016, at <a href="Citizens_Bank_Park" title="Citizens Bank Park">Citizens Bank Park</a> in <a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, Springsteen performed for four hours and four minutes, his longest-ever show in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> The River Tour 2016 was the top-grossing worldwide tour of 2016; it pulled in $268.3 million globally and was the highest-grossing tour since 2014 for any artist topping <a href="Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>'s <a href="1989_World_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 World Tour">2015 tour</a>, which grossed $250.1 million.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a>

Springsteen supported <a href="Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>'s <a href="Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016 presidential campaign</a> by performing an acoustic set of "Thunder Road", "Long Walk Home" and "Dancing in the Dark" at a rally in Philadelphia on November 7, 2016. On November 22, Springsteen was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom award by <a href="Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> On January 12, 2017, Springsteen and Scialfa performed a special 15-song acoustic set for Barack and Michelle Obama at the <a href="White_House" title="White House">White House</a>'s East Room two days before the president gave his farewell address to the nation.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a>

<a href="Springsteen_on_Broadway" title="Springsteen on Broadway">Springsteen on Broadway</a>, an eight-week run at the <a href="Walter_Kerr_Theatre" title="Walter Kerr Theatre">Walter Kerr Theatre</a> on <a href="Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in New York City in fall 2017, was announced in June 2017.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The show included Springsteen reading excerpts from his 2016 autobiography Born to Run and performing other spoken reminiscences.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Originally scheduled to run from October 12 through November 26, the show was extended three times; the last performance occurred on December 15, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> For Springsteen's production of Springsteen on Broadway, he was honored with a <a href="Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a> at the <a href="72nd_Tony_Awards" title="72nd Tony Awards">72nd Tony Awards</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a>

The live album Springsteen on Broadway was released in December 2018. It reached the top 10 in more than 10 countries and No. 11 in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019–2021:_Western_Stars">2019–2021: Western Stars</h3></div>

Springsteen's nineteenth studio album, <a href="Western_Stars" title="Western Stars">Western Stars</a>, was released in June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a>

It was announced on July 23, 2019, that Springsteen would premiere his film, Western Stars, at the <a href="Toronto_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Film Festival">Toronto Film Festival</a> in September 2019. He co-directed the film along with longtime collaborator <a href="Thom_Zimny" title="Thom Zimny">Thom Zimny</a>. The film features Springsteen and his backing band performing the music from Western Stars to a live audience.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> The film was released in theaters in October 2019, and the film's soundtrack, <a href="Western_Stars#Film" title="Western Stars">Western Stars – Songs from the Film</a>, was also released that day.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a>

On May 29, 2020, Springsteen appeared remotely during a livestream, no-audience concert by the <a href="Dropkick_Murphys" title="Dropkick Murphys">Dropkick Murphys</a> at <a href="Fenway_Park" title="Fenway Park">Fenway Park</a> in <a href="Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. Springsteen performed the Dropkick Murphys song "<a href="Rose_Tattoo_(song)" title="Rose Tattoo (song)">Rose Tattoo</a>" and his song "American Land", sharing co-vocals with <a href="Ken_Casey" title="Ken Casey">Ken Casey</a> on both songs. The event marked the first music performance without an in-person audience at a major U.S. arena, stadium or ballpark during the <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> The livestream attracted over 9 million viewers and raised over $700,000 through charitable donations.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a>

Springsteen's twentieth studio album, <a href="Letter_to_You" title="Letter to You">Letter to You</a>, was released in October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Variety-2020-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Earliest_Bird-2020-208">[208]</a> An accompanying documentary of the same name was released the same month.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hiatt-2020-210">[210]</a> The documentary was shot exclusively in black and white and was directed by Thom Zimny.<a href="#cite_note-Hiatt-2020-210">[210]</a> The album was supported by two singles, "<a href="Letter_to_You_(song)" title="Letter to You (song)">Letter to You</a>" and "<a href="Ghosts_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Ghosts (Bruce Springsteen song)">Ghosts</a>", released in September.<a href="#cite_note-Variety-2020-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Earliest_Bird-2020-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> In November, Springsteen was featured as a guest singer for <a href="Bleachers_(band)" title="Bleachers (band)">Bleachers</a>' single, "<a href="Chinatown_(Bleachers_song)" title="Chinatown (Bleachers song)">Chinatown</a>".<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Letter to You reached No. 2 in the US, making Springsteen the first artist to release a top-five album in six consecutive decades.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a>

Springsteen and the E Street Band were musical guests on the December 12, 2020, episode of Saturday Night Live, where they performed "Ghosts" and "<a href="I'll_See_You_in_My_Dreams_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="I'll See You in My Dreams (Bruce Springsteen song)">I'll See You in My Dreams</a>". This marked the band's first performance since 2017 and their first to promote Letter to You. <a href="Garry_Tallent" title="Garry Tallent">Garry Tallent</a> and <a href="Soozie_Tyrell" title="Soozie Tyrell">Soozie Tyrell</a> opted to remain at home due to <a href="COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> concerns; this was the first time Tallent had missed a performance with the band, and Jack Daley of the Disciples of Soul filled in for him.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a>

In February 2021, it was announced that Springsteen was releasing an eight-part <a href="Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> on <a href="Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> titled <a href="Renegades%3A_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a> that would feature himself in conversation with Barack Obama discussing a wide range of topics including family, race, marriage, fatherhood, and the state of the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Springsteen performed co-lead vocals and guitar on <a href="John_Mellencamp" title="John Mellencamp">John Mellencamp</a>'s song "Wasted Days", released in September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a>

On June 7, 2021, Springsteen announced that his Springsteen on Broadway shows would return for a limited run at Jujamcyn's <a href="St._James_Theatre" title="St. James Theatre">St. James Theatre</a> beginning on June 26, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> In an interview with <a href="E_Street_Radio" title="E Street Radio">E Street Radio</a>'s Jim Rotolo on June 10, 2021, Springsteen said that he did not plan on playing any shows in 2021 but was talked into the Broadway shows by a "friend".<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> During the same interview, Springsteen also announced an upcoming collaboration with <a href="The_Killers" title="The Killers">the Killers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a>

On September 11, 2021, Springsteen performed "<a href="I'll_See_You_in_My_Dreams_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="I'll See You in My Dreams (Bruce Springsteen song)">I'll See You in My Dreams</a>" in tribute to the <a href="Casualties_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Casualties of the September 11 attacks">victims</a> of the September 11 attacks.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a>

On December 13, 2021, Springsteen gave a surprise four-song performance at the John Henry's Friends benefit concert for children diagnosed with <a href="Autism" title="Autism">Autism</a> where he was joined by <a href="Steve_Earle_and_the_Dukes" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Earle and the Dukes">Steve Earle and the Dukes</a> as his backing band.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> On December 16, 2021, Springsteen sold the masters of his entire catalog and the coinciding music publishing rights to <a href="Sony_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music">Sony Music</a> for $500 million. This topped what <a href="Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> and <a href="Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> received for their catalogs by $200 million.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> This sale, along with his Broadway shows and projects with Obama, helped him top the Rolling Stone list of the highest-paid musicians of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_2022:_Only_the_Strong_Survive,_collaborations,_touring,_and_The_Lost_Albums">Since 2022: Only the Strong Survive, collaborations, touring, and The Lost Albums</h3></div>

On May 24, 2022, it was announced that he would be launching an international tour with the E Street Band in 2023, the first such since 2017.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In November, Springsteen released his twenty-first studio album, <a href="Only_the_Strong_Survive_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Only the Strong Survive (Bruce Springsteen album)">Only the Strong Survive</a>, a covers album of classic <a href="Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a> songs from the 1960s and 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> To promote the album, Springsteen performed on <a href="The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Jimmy_Fallon" title="The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon">The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon</a> in mid-November, along with a special <a href="Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> episode on November 24.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a>

On February 1, 2023, Springsteen and the E Street band launched <a href="Springsteen_and_E_Street_Band_2023_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Springsteen and E Street Band 2023 Tour">their first tour in six years</a>, due to conclude in July 2025. In a November 2022 interview, Springsteen confirmed that he planned a Volume 2 of the album; at the time, he said it was "probably three-quarters recorded".<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a>

Springsteen provided vocals on the song "History Books" by <a href="The_Gaslight_Anthem" title="The Gaslight Anthem">the Gaslight Anthem</a>, the title track on the band's October 2023 album.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> The same month, he collaborated with <a href="Bryce_Dessner" title="Bryce Dessner">Bryce Dessner</a> on "Addicted to Romance", an original song for the <a href="She_Came_to_Me_(soundtrack)" title="She Came to Me (soundtrack)">She Came to Me</a> soundtrack album.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> In September, Springsteen announced the postponement of eight shows scheduled for September. Springsteen was undergoing treatment for <a href="Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">peptic ulcer</a> disease and doctors recommended he not perform live. A few days later, the remaining twelve shows scheduled for November through December 2023 were also postponed to dates in March and April, and between August and November 2024. In total, twenty-nine shows on the tour were postponed due to Springsteen's illness along with Springsteen and other members of the band having <a href="COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a>

In April 2024, <a href="20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century Studios</a> announced a <a href="Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical film</a>, <a href="Deliver_Me_from_Nowhere" class="mw-redirect" title="Deliver Me from Nowhere">Deliver Me from Nowhere</a>, based on the 2023 book by <a href="Warren_Zanes" title="Warren Zanes">Warren Zanes</a> about the making of Nebraska. It is written and directed by <a href="Scott_Cooper_(director)" title="Scott Cooper (director)">Scott Cooper</a>; <a href="Jeremy_Allen_White" title="Jeremy Allen White">Jeremy Allen White</a> will play Springsteen and perform his own singing.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> That year, Springsteen contributed guitar to a re-release of <a href="Mark_Knopfler" title="Mark Knopfler">Mark Knopfler</a>'s "<a href="Going_Home%3A_Theme_of_the_Local_Hero" title="Going Home: Theme of the Local Hero">Going Home: Theme of the Local Hero</a>" in aid of the <a href="Teenage_Cancer_Trust" title="Teenage Cancer Trust">Teenage Cancer Trust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> His eighth compilation album, <a href="Best_of_Bruce_Springsteen" title="Best of Bruce Springsteen">Best of Bruce Springsteen</a>, was released on April 19.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In October, <a href="Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> and <a href="Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a> released a documentary about Springsteen's 2023–2024 tour, Road Diary: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> The documentary made its debut at the <a href="Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a> in September 2024.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> In July 2024, <a href="Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> reported that Springsteen had a net worth of more than $1.1 billion, thanks to his tours and the sale of his back catalogue in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> making him one of the <a href="List_of_celebrities_by_net_worth" title="List of celebrities by net worth">richest celebrities</a> and <a href="List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">musicians</a>. During his August 23, 2024, show in <a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Springsteen denounced rumors of a farewell tour.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a>

In April 2025, Springsteen announced the <a href="Tracks_II%3A_The_Lost_Albums" title="Tracks II: The Lost Albums">Tracks II: The Lost Albums</a> collection, which was released on June 27, 2025. It features seven full-length albums of unreleased material dating from 1983 to 2018. The collection includes 83 songs, 74 of which were previously unreleased. A twenty-song companion album, Lost and Found: Selections from The Lost Albums, was also released on June 27.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> On May 21, 2025, Springsteen released the Land of Hope & Dreams EP. The four-song EP features songs from the tour opener in <a href="Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> on May 14, 2025.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> A 17-minute documentary entitled Inside Tracks II: The Lost Albums was released on June 20, 2025; it gives viewers an in-depth look at each Lost Album.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a>

In a June 2025 interview with Rolling Stone, Springsteen confirmed that a new solo album is completed and will be released in 2026, Only the Strong Survive, Volume 2 is also completed, and a Tracks III box set will be released in the next three years. Springsteen also at first denied the existence of the long-rumored <a href="Electric_Nebraska" title="Electric Nebraska">Electric Nebraska</a> album, but a month after the interview corrected himself and confirmed that songs from those sessions existed. Springsteen discussed the future of the E Street Band, saying he wants to "play more often with less dates" and that "it’s very exciting to play with the E Street Band now, and I’m looking forward to doing a good deal of it in the future. But that future is finite." He said he would also like to do another solo tour similar to his Broadway shows. Springsteen said there will never be a farewell tour and that he hopes to still be onstage in his nineties.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a>

Springsteen and the E Street Band's <a href="Springsteen_and_E_Street_Band_2023_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Springsteen and E Street Band 2023 Tour">2023-2025 Tour</a> was the highest grossing tour of their career grossing close to $730 million world-wide and placing it as one of the top ten highest grossing tours ever. It more than doubled their previous all-time gross from their 2012-2013 <a href="Wrecking_Ball_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrecking Ball Tour">Wrecking Ball Tour</a>. It also made Springsteen one of just five artists ever to have grossed over $2.3 billion touring in his career.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistry_and_legacy">Artistry and legacy</h2></div>

I spent most of my life as a musician measuring the distance between the <a href="American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a> and American reality.

</blockquote>

<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Springsteen at a rally for presidential candidate Barack Obama on November 2, 2008<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></cite></div>

</div>

Widely regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time,<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> Springsteen has been called a "rock 'n' roll poet" who "[radiates] working-class authenticity".<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> He is a pioneer of <a href="Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">heartland rock</a>, a genre combining mainstream rock music with <a href="Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> thematic concerns and socially conscious lyrics. According to <a href="Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>, his work "epitomizes rock's deepest values: desire, the need for freedom and the search to find yourself."<a href="#cite_note-RS1-254">[254]</a> Often described as cinematic in their scope, Springsteen's lyrics frequently explore highly personal themes such as individual commitment, dissatisfaction and dismay with life in a context of everyday situations.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Springsteen's themes include social and political commentary<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> and are rooted in the struggles faced by his own family of origin.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a>

A shift in Springsteen's lyrical approach began with the album Darkness on the Edge of Town,<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> in which he focused on the emotional struggles of working class life,<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> alongside more typical rock and roll themes. Reviewing Born in the U.S.A., Rolling Stone critic Debby Miller noted that "Springsteen ignored the <a href="British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a> and embraced instead the legacy of <a href="Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>'s releases, the sort of soul that was coming from <a href="Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a>, and especially the garage bands that had anomalous radio hits. He's always chased the utopian feeling of that music".<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a>

<a href="Jon_Pareles" title="Jon Pareles">Jon Pareles</a> included Springsteen among the "pantheon" of artists of the <a href="Album_era" title="Album era">album era</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> "Springsteen is the quintessential album-era rock star," writes <a href="Ann_Powers" title="Ann Powers">Ann Powers</a>, who argues that while other acts like the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and <a href="Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a> probably made better individual works, "none [had] used the long-player form itself more powerfully over the arc of a career, not only to establish a world through song, but to inhabit an enduring persona". He used it to lyricize "America's slide from industrial-era swagger into service-economy <a href="Anomie" title="Anomie">anomie</a>". In her mind, Springsteen needed the "track-by-track architecture of albums to flesh out characters, relate each to the other, extend metaphors and build a palpable, detail-strewn landscape through which they could travel". He simultaneously grew musically "both with his stalwart E Street Band (a metaphor itself for the family connections and community spirit his songs celebrate or lament) and in more minimalist projects."<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a>

Springsteen and the E Street Band have frequently appeared in lists ranking the best live acts of all time.<a href="#cite_note-BaltinLive-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> In <a href="Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>, Steve Baltin wrote: "There has never been a live experience in music that captures the feeling of liberation and optimism rock and roll is supposed to bring you more than a Springsteen and the E Street Band show."<a href="#cite_note-BaltinLive-265">[265]</a> In January 2023, <a href="Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> named Springsteen the 77th-greatest singer of all time.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> In April 2023, the governor of New Jersey issued a proclamation announcing September 23 "Bruce Springsteen Day".<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a>

Springsteen's songs have been the subject of various scholarly articles analyzing his music and lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> The Bruce Springsteen Special Collection houses academic journals and papers on Springsteen published since the 1980s. Springsteen himself said in 2001: "The Collection has almost 1,000 books and magazines on myself and the band–more stuff than every place except my mother's basement!"<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a>

In 2003, <a href="Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>'s <a href="Rolling_Stone's_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time">500 Greatest Albums of All Time</a> list included <a href="Born_to_Run" title="Born to Run">Born to Run</a> (18),<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A." title="Born in the U.S.A.">Born in the U.S.A.</a> (85),<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <a href="The_Wild%2C_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a> (132),<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <a href="Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a> (151),<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> <a href="Nebraska_(album)" title="Nebraska (album)">Nebraska</a> (224),<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <a href="The_River_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="The River (Bruce Springsteen album)">The River</a> (250),<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> <a href="Greetings_from_Asbury_Park%2C_N.J." title="Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.">Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.</a> (379),<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> and <a href="Tunnel_of_Love_(album)" title="Tunnel of Love (album)">Tunnel of Love</a> (475).<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> In 2004, on their <a href="500_Greatest_Songs_of_All_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="500 Greatest Songs of All Time">500 Greatest Songs of All Time</a> list, Rolling Stone included "<a href="Born_to_Run_(song)" title="Born to Run (song)">Born to Run</a>" (21), "<a href="Thunder_Road_(song)" title="Thunder Road (song)">Thunder Road</a>" (86),<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> and "<a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A._(song)" title="Born in the U.S.A. (song)">Born in the U.S.A.</a>" (275).<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> In 2010, <a href="Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> ranked Springsteen 23rd on its list of the "<a href="Rolling_Stone's_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a>", describing him as "the embodiment of rock and roll".<a href="#cite_note-RS1-254">[254]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships">Relationships</h3></div>

Springsteen briefly dated artist Karon Bihari in the 1970s, who claimed the Darkness on the Edge of Town song "Candy's Room" was about her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargotinGuesdon2020118–119-282">[282]</a> He also had relationships with photographer <a href="Lynn_Goldsmith" title="Lynn Goldsmith">Lynn Goldsmith</a>, model Karen Darvin and, for four years in the 1980s, actress <a href="Joyce_Hyser" title="Joyce Hyser">Joyce Hyser</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a>

In the early 1980s, he met <a href="Patti_Scialfa" title="Patti Scialfa">Patti Scialfa</a> at <a href="The_Stone_Pony" title="The Stone Pony">the Stone Pony</a> the evening she was performing alongside his friend <a href="Bobby_Bandiera" title="Bobby Bandiera">Bobby Bandiera</a>, with whom she wrote "At Least We Got Shoes" for <a href="Southside_Johnny" title="Southside Johnny">Southside Johnny</a>. Springsteen liked her voice and after the performance he introduced himself to her. They soon started spending time together and became friends.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a>

Early in 1984, Springsteen asked Scialfa to join the E Street Band for the <a href="Born_in_the_U.S.A._Tour" title="Born in the U.S.A. Tour">Born in the U.S.A. Tour</a>, which began in June 1984. According to the book Bruce by Peter Ames Carlin, they seemed about to become a couple through the first leg of the tour,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012343-285">[285]</a> but Springsteen was introduced to actress <a href="Julianne_Phillips" title="Julianne Phillips">Julianne Phillips</a> and married her shortly after midnight on May 13, 1985, at Our Lady of the Lake Catholic Church in <a href="Lake_Oswego%2C_Oregon" title="Lake Oswego, Oregon">Lake Oswego, Oregon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbmtmo-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-baffwew-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-ergseccer-288">[288]</a> Opposites in background, the two had an 11-year age difference and Springsteen's traveling took its toll on their relationship. Many of the songs on Tunnel of Love described the unhappiness he felt in his relationship with Phillips.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarlin2012345–346-289">[289]</a>

The <a href="Tunnel_of_Love_Express_Tour" title="Tunnel of Love Express Tour">Tunnel of Love Express Tour</a> began in February 1988 and Springsteen convinced Scialfa to postpone her own solo record and join the tour.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Scialfa moved in with Springsteen shortly after he separated from Phillips.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> On August 30, 1988, citing <a href="Irreconcilable_differences" title="Irreconcilable differences">irreconcilable differences</a>, Phillips filed for divorce in <a href="Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-sekdiv-292">[292]</a> and a settlement was reached in December and finalized on March 1, 1989.<a href="#cite_note-swfvfst-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-upidiv-294">[294]</a> They had no children.

Springsteen received press criticism for the apparent haste in which he and Scialfa started their relationship. In a 1995 interview with The Advocate, he told Judy Wieder about the negative publicity the couple subsequently received: "It's a strange society that assumes it has the right to tell people whom they should love and whom they shouldn't. But the truth is, I basically ignored the entire thing as much as I could. I said, 'Well, all I know is, this feels real, and maybe I have got a mess going here in some fashion, but that's life.'"<a href="#cite_note-Wieder1995-295">[295]</a> Years later, he reflected, "'I didn't protect Juli... some sort of public announcement would have been fair, but I felt overly concerned about my own privacy. I handled it badly, and I still feel badly about it. It was cruel for people to find out the way they did.'"<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a>

Springsteen and Scialfa lived in New Jersey before moving to Los Angeles, where they decided to start a family. On July 25, 1990, Scialfa gave birth to the couple's first child, Evan James Springsteen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick2007120-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-reader-298">[298]</a> On June 8, 1991, Springsteen and Scialfa married at their Los Angeles home in a private ceremony, only attended by family and close friends. Their second child, <a href="Jessica_Rae_Springsteen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Rae Springsteen">Jessica Rae Springsteen</a>, was born on December 30, 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick2007120-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-reader-298">[298]</a> Their third child, Samuel Ryan Springsteen, was born on January 5, 1994.<a href="#cite_note-reader-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkpatrick2007149-299">[299]</a> In a 1995 interview, Springsteen said, "I went through a divorce, and it was really difficult and painful and I was very frightened about getting married again. So part of me said, 'Hey, what does it matter?' But it does matter. It's very different than just living together. First of all, stepping up publicly—which is what you do: You get your license, you do all the social rituals—is a part of your place in society and in some way part of society's acceptance of you ... Patti and I both found that it did mean something."<a href="#cite_note-Wieder1995-295">[295]</a>

When their children reached school age in the 1990s, Springsteen and Scialfa moved back to New Jersey to raise them away from <a href="Paparazzi" title="Paparazzi">paparazzi</a>. The family owns and lives on a horse farm in <a href="Colts_Neck_Township%2C_New_Jersey" title="Colts Neck Township, New Jersey">Colts Neck Township</a> and has a home in <a href="Rumson" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumson">Rumson</a>; they also own homes in Los Angeles and <a href="Wellington%2C_Florida" title="Wellington, Florida">Wellington, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Evan graduated from <a href="Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a>; he writes and performs his own songs and won the 2012 Singer/Songwriter Competition held during Boston College's Arts Festival.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> Jessica graduated from <a href="Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> and is a nationally ranked champion <a href="Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> She made her show-jumping debut with Team USA in August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> Sam is a firefighter in <a href="Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> On July 17, 2022, Springsteen and Scialfa became grandparents when their son Sam and his fiancée had a daughter.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div>

Springsteen has avoided hard drugs his entire life.<a href="#cite_note-drugs-306">[306]</a> Van Zandt said in 2012, "[Springsteen is] the only guy I know—I think the only guy I know at all—who never did drugs."<a href="#cite_note-drugs-306">[306]</a> He has spoken about his struggles with <a href="Clinical_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical depression">depression</a>, which he began to address in his 30s after years of denial.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> During this time, he also became frustrated with being an underweight "fast food junkie" who had to be helped off the stage after a show due to his poor health. He later began following a mostly <a href="Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a> diet while running up to six miles on a treadmill and lifting weights three times a week.<a href="#cite_note-drugs-306">[306]</a> A 2019 <a href="Consequence_(publication)" title="Consequence (publication)">Consequence</a> article celebrating his 70th birthday revealed that he still maintains this routine and diet.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> In September 2023, Springsteen announced the postponement of all his concerts in the US beginning in that month and through December, due to his ongoing treatment for <a href="Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">peptic ulcer disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div>

While rejecting religion in his earlier years, Springsteen stated in his 2016 autobiography Born to Run, "I have a personal relationship with Jesus. I believe in his power to save, love [...] but not to damn." In terms of his <a href="Lapsed_Catholic" title="Lapsed Catholic">lapsed Catholicism</a>, he said that he "came to ruefully and bemusedly understand that once you're a Catholic you're always a Catholic ... I don't participate in my religion but I know somewhere... deep inside... I'm still on the team."<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wealth">Wealth</h3></div>

In a 2017 interview with <a href="Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a>, Springsteen admitted that he <a href="Tax_evasion_in_the_United_States" title="Tax evasion in the United States">evaded taxes</a> early in his career since the government had not paid attention to his taxes prior to his 1975 appearance on the cover of <a href="Time_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time magazine">Time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tax2017-311">[311]</a> Most of his income over the next several years went towards paying back his taxes; by his 30th birthday, he had only $20,000, despite multiple bestselling records and tours.<a href="#cite_note-tax2017-311">[311]</a> <a href="Forbes_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes (magazine)">Forbes</a> "conservatively" estimated Springsteen's net worth at US$1.1 billion in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hobbies">Hobbies</h3></div>

Springsteen is a model railroader. He collects and runs HO scale model trains.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views_and_activism">Political views and activism</h2></div>

Springsteen announced his endorsement of <a href="Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s <a href="Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign%2C_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008">2008 presidential campaign</a> in April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-2008-148">[148]</a> He appeared at several rallies in support of Obama throughout that year.<a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-2008-149">[149]</a> At one rally in Ohio, Springsteen discussed the importance of "truth, transparency and integrity in government, the right of every American to have a job, a living wage, to be educated in a decent school, and a life filled with the <a href="Dignity_of_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Dignity of work">dignity of work</a>, the promise and the sanctity of home".<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> Despite saying that he would sit out the <a href="2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>, Springsteen campaigned for Obama's re-election in Ohio, Iowa, Virginia, Pittsburgh, and Wisconsin.<a href="#cite_note-Knickerbocker-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orel-2012-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sweet-2012-170">[170]</a>

Springsteen supports <a href="LGBTQ_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ rights">LGBTQ rights</a> and <a href="Gay_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay marriage">gay marriage</a>. In 2009, he posted the following statement on his website: "I've long believed in and have always spoken out for the rights of same sex couples and fully agree with <a href="Governor_Corzine" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor Corzine">Governor Corzine</a> when he writes that 'The marriage-equality issue should be recognized for what it truly is—a civil rights issue that must be approved to assure that every citizen is treated equally under the law.'"<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> In 2012, he lent his support to the Four 2012, an ad campaign for gay marriage. Springsteen noted in the ad, "I couldn't agree more with that statement and urge those who support equal treatment for our <a href="Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> and <a href="Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a> brothers and sisters to let their voices be heard now."<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> In April 2016, Springsteen cancelled a show in <a href="Greensboro%2C_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a>, days before it was to take place to protest the state's newly passed <a href="Public_Facilities_Privacy_%26_Security_Act" title="Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act">Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act</a>, also referred to as the "<a href="Bathroom_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathroom law">bathroom law</a>", which dictates which restrooms <a href="Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> people are permitted to use and prevents <a href="LGBTQ" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> citizens from suing over human rights violations in the workplace. Springsteen released a statement on his website. The <a href="Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a> celebrated Springsteen's statement, and he has received praise and gratitude from the <a href="LGBTQ_community" title="LGBTQ community">LGBTQ community</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a>

During a 2017 show in <a href="Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Australia, Springsteen made a statement celebrating the post-inauguration <a href="2017_Women's_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women's March</a> against the incoming <a href="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> in cities worldwide: "We're a long way from home, and our hearts and spirits are with the hundreds of thousands of women and men that marched yesterday in every city in America, and in Melbourne ... [They] rallied against hate and division and in support of tolerance, inclusion, <a href="Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">reproductive rights</a>, <a href="Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, <a href="Racial_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial justice">racial justice</a>, LGBTQ rights, the environment, wage equality, <a href="Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a>, healthcare, and immigrant rights. We stand with you. We are the new American resistance."<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a>

Springsteen is a staunch critic of <a href="Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, whom he calls the "conman from <a href="Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>".<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> During Trump's <a href="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">first term as president of the United States</a> in October 2019, Springsteen said Trump "doesn't have a grasp of the deep meaning of what it means to be an American",<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> and in June 2020 called him a "threat to our democracy".<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Springsteen's song "The Rising" was featured prominently in the <a href="2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 Democratic National Convention</a> in support of <a href="Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, accompanied with a new video and campaign slogan, #TheRising.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> On October 13, 2020, author <a href="Don_Winslow" title="Don Winslow">Don Winslow</a> released a video critical of Trump prior to his campaign event in Pennsylvania. The video features Springsteen's song "Streets of Philadelphia".<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> A few days prior to the <a href="2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>, Springsteen provided narration for a campaign ad that spotlights Biden's upbringing in <a href="Scranton%2C_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a> with "My Hometown" playing throughout the ad.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> Biden used "We Take Care of Our Own" as one of his theme songs, as Obama had before him in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> On October 3, 2024, Springsteen endorsed Vice President <a href="Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> in the <a href="2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> and gave a speech at one of her campaign rallies on October 24.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a>

During a show in <a href="Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> on May 14, 2025, Springsteen spoke out against Trump and called <a href="Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">his administration</a> "corrupt, incompetent, and treasonous". Two days later, Trump responded on <a href="Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a> by calling Springsteen "highly overrated" and "dumb as a rock".<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Tino Gagliardi, the president of the <a href="American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">American Federation of Musicians</a> defended Springsteen, saying, "Musicians have the right to freedom of expression, and we stand in solidarity with all our members."<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> On May 19, Trump called for a major investigation into Springsteen, <a href="Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>, <a href="Oprah" class="mw-redirect" title="Oprah">Oprah</a>, and other celebrities for their endorsement of Harris. He claims that Harris illegally paid them to support her 2024 campaign for president.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> Musicians such as <a href="Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> and <a href="Eddie_Vedder" title="Eddie Vedder">Eddie Vedder</a> spoke out in defense of Springsteen saying his freedom of speech rights were being violated.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> Springsteen included recordings of his Manchester remarks as part of a live EP release, Land of Hope and Dreams.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements_and_awards">Achievements and awards</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Bruce_Springsteen" title="List of awards and nominations received by Bruce Springsteen">List of awards and nominations received by Bruce Springsteen</a></div>

Springsteen has sold more than 140 million records worldwide and more than 71 million records in the United States, making him one of the <a href="List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">world's best-selling artists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> He has earned numerous awards for his work, including 20 <a href="Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> two <a href="Golden_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> an Academy Award,<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> and a Special Tony Award (for Springsteen on Broadway).<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> Springsteen was inducted into both the <a href="Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> and the <a href="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> in 1999, received the Kennedy Center Honors in 2009,<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> was named <a href="MusiCares" title="MusiCares">MusiCares</a> person of the year in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> and was awarded the <a href="Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> by President Barack Obama in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a>

In May 2021, Springsteen became the eighth recipient of the Woody Guthrie Prize, a prize that honors an artist who speaks out for <a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and carries on the spirit of the folk singer.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> In March 2023, Springsteen was awarded the 2021 <a href="National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> from President <a href="Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at the <a href="White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Springsteen was supposed to receive the award in 2021 but the <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> postponed the ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a>

In March 2024, it was announced that Springsteen would be named an Academy Fellow by <a href="The_Ivors_Academy" title="The Ivors Academy">The Ivors Academy</a> in May 2024. On May 23, 2024, Springsteen became the first international songwriter that the Academy has inducted into the Fellowship in its 80-year history.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Bruce_Springsteen_discography" title="Bruce Springsteen discography">Bruce Springsteen discography</a> and <a href="List_of_songs_recorded_by_Bruce_Springsteen" title="List of songs recorded by Bruce Springsteen">List of songs recorded by Bruce Springsteen</a></div>

Studio albums

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<ul><li><a href="Greetings_from_Asbury_Park%2C_N.J." title="Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.">Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.</a> (1973)</li>

<li><a href="The_Wild%2C_the_Innocent_%26_the_E_Street_Shuffle" title="The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle">The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle</a> (1973)</li>

<li><a href="Darkness_on_the_Edge_of_Town" title="Darkness on the Edge of Town">Darkness on the Edge of Town</a> (1978)</li>

<li><a href="The_River_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="The River (Bruce Springsteen album)">The River</a> (1980)</li>

<li><a href="Nebraska_(album)" title="Nebraska (album)">Nebraska</a> (1982)</li>

<li><a href="Tunnel_of_Love_(album)" title="Tunnel of Love (album)">Tunnel of Love</a> (1987)</li>

<li><a href="Human_Touch" title="Human Touch">Human Touch</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="Lucky_Town" title="Lucky Town">Lucky Town</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="The_Ghost_of_Tom_Joad" title="The Ghost of Tom Joad">The Ghost of Tom Joad</a> (1995)</li>

<li><a href="The_Rising_(album)" title="The Rising (album)">The Rising</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Devils_%26_Dust" title="Devils & Dust">Devils & Dust</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="We_Shall_Overcome%3A_The_Seeger_Sessions" title="We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions">We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Magic_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Magic (Bruce Springsteen album)">Magic</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Working_on_a_Dream" title="Working on a Dream">Working on a Dream</a> (2009)</li>

<li><a href="Wrecking_Ball_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Wrecking Ball (Bruce Springsteen album)">Wrecking Ball</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="High_Hopes_(album)" title="High Hopes (album)">High Hopes</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Western_Stars" title="Western Stars">Western Stars</a> (2019)</li>

<li><a href="Letter_to_You" title="Letter to You">Letter to You</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Only_the_Strong_Survive_(Bruce_Springsteen_album)" title="Only the Strong Survive (Bruce Springsteen album)">Only the Strong Survive</a> (2022)</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concert_tours">Concert tours</h2></div>

Springsteen has developed a reputation for energetic and long-lasting live performances.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headlining_tours">Headlining tours</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Born_to_Run_tours" title="Born to Run tours">Born to Run tours</a> (1974–1977)</li>

<li><a href="Darkness_Tour" title="Darkness Tour">Darkness Tour</a> (1978–1979)</li>

<li><a href="The_River_Tour" title="The River Tour">The River Tour</a> (1980–1981)</li>

<li><a href="Tunnel_of_Love_Express_Tour" title="Tunnel of Love Express Tour">Tunnel of Love Express Tour</a> (1988)</li>

<li><a href="Bruce_Springsteen_1992%E2%80%931993_World_Tour" title="Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour">Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour</a> (1992–1993)</li>

<li><a href="Ghost_of_Tom_Joad_Tour" title="Ghost of Tom Joad Tour">Ghost of Tom Joad Tour</a> (1995–1997)</li>

<li><a href="Bruce_Springsteen_and_the_E_Street_Band_Reunion_Tour" title="Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band Reunion Tour">Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band Reunion Tour</a> (1999–2000)</li>

<li><a href="The_Rising_Tour" title="The Rising Tour">The Rising Tour</a> (2002–2003)</li>

<li><a href="Devils_%26_Dust_Tour" title="Devils & Dust Tour">Devils & Dust Tour</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="Bruce_Springsteen_with_the_Seeger_Sessions_Band_Tour" title="Bruce Springsteen with the Seeger Sessions Band Tour">Bruce Springsteen with the Seeger Sessions Band Tour</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Magic_Tour_(Bruce_Springsteen)" title="Magic Tour (Bruce Springsteen)">Magic Tour</a> (2007–2008)</li>

<li><a href="Working_on_a_Dream_Tour" title="Working on a Dream Tour">Working on a Dream Tour</a> (2009)</li>

<li><a href="Wrecking_Ball_World_Tour" title="Wrecking Ball World Tour">Wrecking Ball World Tour</a> (2012–2013)</li>

<li><a href="High_Hopes_Tour" title="High Hopes Tour">High Hopes Tour</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="The_River_Tour_(2016)" title="The River Tour (2016)">The River Tour</a> (2016–2017)</li>

<li><a href="Springsteen_and_E_Street_Band_2023%E2%80%932025_Tour" title="Springsteen and E Street Band 2023–2025 Tour">Springsteen and E Street Band 2023–2025 Tour</a> (2023–2025)</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residency">Residency</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Springsteen_on_Broadway" title="Springsteen on Broadway">Springsteen on Broadway</a> (2017–18; 2021)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Co-headlining_tours">Co-headlining tours</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Human_Rights_Now!" title="Human Rights Now!">Human Rights Now!</a> (1988)</li>

<li><a href="Vote_for_Change" title="Vote for Change">Vote for Change</a> (2004)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Forbes_list_of_highest-earning_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes list of highest-earning musicians">Forbes list of highest-earning musicians</a></li>

<li><a href="Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music#S" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames in popular music</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_artists_who_reached_number_one_on_the_U.S._Mainstream_Rock_chart" title="List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart">List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_highest-grossing_live_music_artists" title="List of highest-grossing live music artists">List of highest-grossing live music artists</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_music_artists_by_net_worth" title="List of music artists by net worth">List of music artists by net worth</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_New_Jersey" title="Music of New Jersey">Music of New Jersey</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masterclass.com/articles/pop-rock">"Pop Rock Music Guide: A Brief History of Pop Rock"</a>. Masterclass. February 8, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231002142415/https://www.masterclass.com/articles/pop-rock">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved July 14, 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Springsteen._Robert_Hilburn_1985,_p._28-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Springsteen._Robert_Hilburn_1985,_p._28_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Springsteen._Robert_Hilburn_1985,_p._28_2-1">b</a> Springsteen. Robert Hilburn, 1985, p. 28.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCross1992" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Charles R. (1992). Backstreets: Springsteen – the man and his music. Harmony Books. p. 40. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-517-58929-X</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRussell2024" class="citation news cs1">Russell, Shania (February 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/bruce-springsteen-mourns-death-mother-adele-98-8557767">"Bruce Springsteen mourns death of mother Adele at 98, quotes song written for her"</a>. Entertainment Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202003419/https://ew.com/bruce-springsteen-mourns-death-mother-adele-98-8557767">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Douglas-obit-Asbury-Park-Press-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas-obit-Asbury-Park-Press_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Douglas-obit-Asbury-Park-Press_5-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/144343133/">"Douglas Springsteen, father of rock star, Belmont, Calif"</a>. Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. May 3, 1998. p. 36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030162436/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/144343133/">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020 – via Newspapers.com. <q>Douglas F. Springsteen, father of rock star Bruce Springsteen, died April 26 at home. He was 73. Mr. Springsteen was a former bus driver at San Francisco Airport and an Army veteran of World War II. He was a former communicant of St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic Church, Freehold, and graduated from its school in 1939. Born in Freehold, he lived there for most of his life before moving to California in 1969.</q></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHalperin2013" class="citation web cs1">Halperin, Shirley (February 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/bruce-springsteen-honored-at-musicares-420045/">"Because the Night Belongs to Bruce: MusiCares Honors Springsteen as Person of the Year"</a>. hollywoodreporter.com.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFIvie2016" class="citation web cs1">Ivie, Devon (November 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2016/11/watch-bruce-springsteen-get-his-medal-of-freedom.html">"Bruce Springsteen Receives Presidential Medal of Freedom: 'There Is a Place for Everyone in Bruce Springsteen's America'"</a>. Vulture.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/awards/9567482/bruce-springsteen-2021-woody-guthrie-prize/">"Bruce Springsteen wins 2021 Woody Guthrie Prize"</a>. Billboard. May 4, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505003659/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/awards/9567482/bruce-springsteen-2021-woody-guthrie-prize/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/bruce-springsteen-national-medal-arts-joe-biden/">"Bruce Springsteen to get National Medal of Arts from Biden"</a>. CBS News. March 21, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326011129/https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/bruce-springsteen-national-medal-arts-joe-biden/">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/24/entertainment/paul-mccartney-roast-bruce-springsteen-ivor-awards-scli-intl/index.html">"Paul McCartney roasts Bruce Springsteen at London awards ceremony"</a>. <a href="CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. May 23, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/WellsFargoCtr/status/1636512240911171584">"Wells Fargo Center"</a> at <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, March 16, 2023

</li>

<li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/bruce-springsteen-delivers-an-energetic-marathon-at-the-key/">"Bruce Springsteen delivers historic marathon at the Key"</a>. The Seattle Times. March 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704164754/https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/bruce-springsteen-delivers-an-energetic-marathon-at-the-key/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2012/08/24/bruce_springsteen_can_his_shows_be_too_long.html">"Bruce Springsteen: Can his shows be too long?"</a>. The Star. August 24, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704164752/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2012/08/24/bruce_springsteen_can_his_shows_be_too_long.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCarlin2012" class="citation book cs1">Carlin, Peter Ames (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bruce0000carl_f9l2/mode/2up">Bruce</a>. New York: <a href="Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4391-9182-8</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDolan2012" class="citation book cs1">Dolan, Marc (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brucespringsteen0000dola/mode/2up">Bruce Springsteen and the Promise of Rock 'n' Roll</a>. New York: <a href="W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-39308-135-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGaar2016" class="citation book cs1">Gaar, Gillian G. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bossbrucesprings0000gaar/mode/2up">Boss: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band – The Illustrated History</a>. Minneapolis: Voyageur Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-76034-972-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMargotinGuesdon2020" class="citation book cs1">Margotin, Philippe; Guesdon, Jean-Michel (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nrlRzQEACAAJ">Bruce Springsteen All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track</a>. London: <a href="Cassell_Illustrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassell Illustrated">Cassell Illustrated</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-78472-649-2</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230226235802/https://books.google.com/books?id=nrlRzQEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Rob_Kirkpatrick" title="Rob Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick, Rob</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wordsmusicofbruc00kirk/page/56">The Words and Music of Bruce Springsteen</a>. Santa Barbara: <a href="Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-27598-938-5</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMarsh1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Dave_Marsh" title="Dave Marsh">Marsh, Dave</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/borntorunbrucesp00mars/">Born to Run: The Bruce Springsteen Story</a>. New York: Dell Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-440-10694-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2004" class="citation book cs1">Marsh, Dave (2004). Bruce Springsteen: Two Hearts – The Definitive Biography, 1972–2003. Abingdon-on-Thames: <a href="Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-415-96928-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMasur2010" class="citation book cs1">Masur, Louis P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/runawaydreamborn00masu">Runaway Dream: Born to Run and Bruce Springsteen's American Vision</a>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-60819-101-7</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSpringsteen2016" class="citation book cs1"> (2016). Born to Run. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-5011-4151-5</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFStatham2013" class="citation book cs1">Statham, Craig (2013). Springsteen: Saint in the City: 1949–1974. Soundcheck Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0957144231</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bruce_Springsteen" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bruce_Springsteen" class="extiw external" title="q:Special:Search/Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brucespringsteen.net">Official website</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://live.brucespringsteen.net">Bruce Springsteen Archives</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000530745">Bruce Springsteen</a> at <a href="AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a> </li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0819803/">Bruce Springsteen</a> at <a href="IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Bruce_Springsteen748" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="E_Street_Band" title="E Street Band">E Street Band</a></li></ul>

<li><a href="Garry_Tallent" title="Garry Tallent">Garry Tallent</a></li>

<li><a href="Roy_Bittan" title="Roy Bittan">Roy Bittan</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Weinberg" title="Max Weinberg">Max Weinberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Steven_Van_Zandt" title="Steven Van Zandt">Steven Van Zandt</a></li>

<li><a href="Nils_Lofgren" title="Nils Lofgren">Nils Lofgren</a></li>

<li><a href="Patti_Scialfa" title="Patti Scialfa">Patti Scialfa</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Soozie_Tyrell" title="Soozie Tyrell">Soozie Tyrell</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Giordano" title="Charles Giordano">Charles Giordano</a></li>

<li><a href="Jake_Clemons" title="Jake Clemons">Jake Clemons</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Clarence_Clemons" title="Clarence Clemons">Clarence Clemons</a></li>

<li><a href="Danny_Federici" title="Danny Federici">Danny Federici</a></li>

<li><a href="Vini_Lopez" title="Vini Lopez">Vini Lopez</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Sancious" title="David Sancious">David Sancious</a></li>

<li><a href="Ernest_Carter_(drummer)" title="Ernest Carter (drummer)">Ernest Carter</a></li>

<li><a href="Suki_Lahav" title="Suki Lahav">Suki Lahav</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">